7. Vocative case with nouns

Vocative (Wołacz) is the last of polish grammatical cases. It is also one of the rarely used ones because in most situations it gets replaced by Nominative form. It is used to call or address someone (especially in more formal situations). It can be also used to address things (rarely).

Examples:
Kamilu, podejdź tutaj! (‘Kamil, come here!’)
Mario, przyjedź do mnie! (‘Maria, come to me!’)
Józefie, słyszysz mnie? (‘Józef, do you hear me?’)
Dobrze Cię widzieć, mamo. (‘Mum, it is good to see you.’)
Cieszę się, że jesteś, ciociu. (‘Aunt, I’m happy that you are here.’)
Litwo, ojczyzno moja! (‘Lithuania, my homeland!’)
Kawo, dlaczego jesteś taka gorzka? (‘Coffee, why are you so bitter?’)
Dzień dobry, panie profesorze! (‘Good morning, proffessor!’)

It is also possible to replace Vocative with Nominative case in the examples above, except for the last one
(as it is more formal).