-val/-vel: With and By

The ending -val/-vel means with or by. Use it for transport (busszal = by bus), tools (késsel = with a knife), food (tejjel = with milk) and company (Péterrel = with Péter). Back-vowel words take -val, front-vowel words take -vel.

• After a vowel, add it directly: autóval, biciklivel. A final a/e becomes á/é: villa → villával, fogkefe → fogkefével.
• After a consonant, the v turns into that consonant, so the consonant doubles: vonat → vonattal, kés → késsel, tej → tejjel, szappan → szappannal.
• With two-letter consonants only the first letter is doubled: busz → busszal, kulcs → kulccsal, rizs → rizzsel.