Word Order

The Czech word order is very flexible and it allows many variants of the same sentence.
Because of that, the Czech language highly relies on intonation. A different intonation can give a slightly different meaning to the same sentence.
The flexibility is enabled by the syntactic relations that are indicated by inflection forms (declension and conjugation). However, the word order must respect logical relations between words.

Despite the great flexibility, the basic word order is SVO: subject - verb - object

Subject (podmět) = who or what performs the action
Verb (přísudek) = describes an action or occurrence or indicates a state of being
Object (předmět) = is affected by the action of a verb

Marie má modré šaty. = Maria has a blue dress.
Podmět: Marie (Subject: Marie)
Přísudek: má (Verb: has)
Předmět: šaty (Object: dress)

A sentence usually starts with the facts already known from the previous sentence or the context.
The new and important facts are usually placed at the end of the sentence. However, such facts can also be emphasized by placing them at the beginning of the sentence.

COMPLEX SENTENCES
The Czech word order is very flexible, you can get away with pretty much anything, but there are rules that we must follow.
In a Czech sentence, you must indicate time first, then placeand the last goes manner.

form: subject - time - place - verb - object - manner

Time
It is always placed at the beginning of the sentence.
(Já) Po snídani jím sušenku. (After lunch, I eat a biscuit.)
(Já) Jím sušenku po snídani. ("I eat a biscuit after breakfast - not in the evening.”)

place
(Já) Po snídani jím v ložnici sušenku. (“After breakfast, I eat a biscuit in the bedroom.”)

• if you want to emphasize the place, put the place at the end: Po snídani jím sušenku v pokoji.

manner
It usually goes last, and it is placed after the verb. But we can also place it before the verb.
Já jím pomalu. (I eat slowly. - the manner is emphasized.)
Já pomalu jím. (I eat slowly. - the Verb is emphasized.)

Po večeři jím pomalu sušenku v ložnici.
Po večeři pomalu jím sušenku v ložnici.
Po večeři pomalu jím v ložnici sušenku.
(After dinner, I slowly eat a biscuit in the bedroom.)

MODIFIERS
= optional elements that clarify, qualify, or limit a particular word in a sentence; they're always placed before the noun (subject or object) they refer to.

descriptive words (adjectives and adverbs):

• precede the noun they refer to

Po snídani jsem měl výborné čokoládové sušenky. (I had excellent chocolate biscuits after breakfast.)

determiners (demonstrative pronouns):

• placed in front of a noun to identify things
• mostly used to add emphasis (often in place of the definite article)

Tato sušenka je moje. (This biscuit is mine.)

numerals:
We place the number before the noun it refers to.
Mám jednu sušenku. (I have one biscuit.)

possessors: (possessive pronouns)

• placed before the noun they're referring to
• Czech doesn't use possessors as much as English does (we don't say: Bolí mě moje hlava - my head hurts. - we omit the pronoun)