v, do, z: in, into, out of

For a place you can be in, Slovak uses three prepositions, each with its own case:

• v + locative = in (kde?): v Nitre (in Nitra), v obchode (in the shop)
• do + genitive = into, to (kam?): do Nitry (to Nitra), do obchodu
• z + genitive = out of, from (odkiaľ?): z Nitry (from Nitra), z obchodu

Since do and z both take the genitive, the noun has the same form after both. Feminine nouns in -a end in -e / -y (v Nitre, do Nitry); soft ones like nemocnica or kuchyňa in -i / -e (v nemocnici, do nemocnice). Neuter nouns: v divadle, do divadla; v Nemecku, do Nemecka. Before v or f, v becomes vo (vo Viedni); before s, z, š or ž, z becomes zo (zo Žiliny, zo záhrady).