Circumstantial Accusative (Ḥāl)

The ḥāl describes the state of the subject while the action happens and answers the question how?: جاء مسرعا (he came in a hurry). It is an indefinite adjective or participle in the accusative, placed after the verb and its complements, and it agrees with the subject in gender and number:

• masculine singular: متعبا (with alif)
• masculine plural: مسرورين
• feminine plural: مبتسمات
• masculine dual: فائزين, feminine dual: متأخرتين

Unlike a normal adjective it never takes الـ and does not copy the subject's case: رجع أبي من العمل متعبا (my father came back from work tired), خرج الأطفال ضاحكين (the children went out laughing).