Number

The Slovak language distinguishes between singular (one subject) and plural (two and more subjects).
There are some nouns which only have a plural form, although they refer to a signle object – plural-only nouns.

Singular – jednotné číslo
Plural – množné číslo
Plural-only nouns –pomnožné podstatné mená

The plural form is usually formed by changing the ending of the singular form.

Masculine:

• adding -I to the singular (animate nouns when the word ends in a hard consonant)

chlap - chlapi

• changing the end to -OVIA (animate nouns when the word ends in vowel -O)

hrdina – hrdinovia

• changing the last vowel to -I (animate nouns when the word has ending -ISTA)

huslista - huslisti

• adding -Y to the singular (inanimate nouns when the word ends in a hard consonant)

dub - duby

• adding -E to the singular (inanimate nouns when the word ends in a soft or bilabial consonent)

stroj - stroje

Feminine:

• changing the last vowel to -Y (when the last vowel is preceded by a hard or bilabial consonant)

žena- ženy

• changing the last vowel to -E (when the last vowel is preceded by a soft consonant)

ulica – ulice

• adding -E to the singular

dlaň – dlane

• adding -I to the singular (the word ends in a soft consonant)

kosť - kosti

Neuter:

• changing the last vowel to -Á (when the word ends in -O, -ON or -UM )

mesto – mestá, múzeum – múzeá

• chaging the last vowel to -IA (when the word ends in vowel -E)

srdce – srdcia

• changing the last two letters to -IA (when the word ends in -IE)

vysvedčenie – vysvedčenia

• adding -TÁ to the singular form (when the word ends in -A or –Ä)

dievča – dievčatá

Plural-only Nouns:
These nouns have only plural form. This form is often used in geograpic names as cities, mountains etc.
jedny nohavice – one pair of pants
dvoje novahice – two pairs of pants