Cases

The Slovak language has six grammatical cases:

1. Nominative: Kto? Čo? (who? what?)
2. Genitive: Bez koho? Bez čoho? (without whom? without what?)
3. Dative: Komu? Čomu? (to whom? to what?)
4. Accusative: Koho? Čo? (I see whom? I see what?)
6. Locative: O kom? O čom? (about whom? about what?)
7. Instrumental: S kým? S čím? (with whom? with what?)

The 5th case – Vocative – is rarely used, and the 1st case – Nominative – is used when addressing a person directly.

Each noun has, therefore six different forms, each singular and plural.
The noun cases distinguish the noun position in the sentence and the ending of the noun.

It's good to remember which prepositions are used in each case.
Frequently used prepositions:

1. N = no preposition
2. G = bez - without, do - to, into, until, od - from, vedľa - next to, z/zo – from, mimo – outside,
3. D = k/ku - to, towards, kvôli - because of, due to, napriek - in spite of, despite, proti/naproti - against, voči - towards, to, against
4. A = na - on, onto (direction), o - for, pre - for, cez - in spite of, za - for, on behalf of, in the course of,
verb vidím - I can see
6. L = na - on (location), o - about, po - after, v/vo - in
7. I = medzi - between, nad - above, over, pod - below, under, pred - in front of, before, s/so - with, za - behind.