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TermsEnglish (UK) · Conjugation
Irregular Verbs: Past Participles
The past participle is the third form of a verb. You need it after have/has/had (perfect tenses) and after be (passive): I have eaten, She has written, The window was broken.
Regular verbs add -ed, but irregular verbs have their own forms:
- -en/-n: take → taken, give → given, fly → flown, fall → fallen
- same as the past simple: buy → bought, find → found, leave → left
- i-a-u (base, past, participle): begin → began → begun, drink → drank → drunk, swim → swam → swum
- same as the base form: come → come, run → run, read → read (said like red)
Don't mix up the two past forms: I went but I have gone; I saw but I have seen.
Examples
- Have you ever been to Scotland?
- We have already eaten.
- The bridge was built in 1890.
- She has taken the dog for a walk.
- They had left before we arrived.
Try it yourself
I have (be) to London twice.Show answer
I have been to London twice.
Have you (do) your homework?Show answer
Have you done your homework?
She has already (go) home.Show answer
She has already gone home.
Have you (see) my keys?Show answer
Have you seen my keys?
I have never (eat) sushi.Show answer
I have never eaten sushi.
Dad has (make) dinner for us.Show answer
Dad has made dinner for us.
Who has (take) my umbrella?Show answer
Who has taken my umbrella?
He was (give) a prize for his work.Show answer
He was given a prize for his work.
We have (know) each other for years.Show answer
We have known each other for years.
She has (write) three books.Show answer
She has written three books.