Mixed Exercises

The basic sentence structure of Chinese is the same as in English.
1. Subject + Verb
我去 I go
她笑 She laughs
他吃 He eats

2. Subject + Verb + Object
我喝咖啡 I drink coffee
你吃沙拉 You eat salad
她说西班牙语 She speaks Spanish
他是德国人 He's German

3. Subject + 是 + Noun
你是一位父亲 You are a father
我是一名警察 I am a policeman
她是一名学生 She is a student

4. Verb + Objective (Imperative Sentence)
In imperative sentences, the subject is you, but in most cases, it's omitted. For example:
开下门 open the door
坐下 sit down
If you want to make an imperative sentence more polite, add "请" at the beginning of the sentence, for instance, 请开下门, please open the door or 请坐下 please sit down.

5. Question Sentence
We can turn a simple statement into a yes-no question by adding the particle 吗 to the end of the sentences. For example：
你吃沙拉吗？ Do you eat salad?
她说西班牙语吗？Does she speak Spanish?
你喜欢喝咖啡吗？ Do you like coffee?

But it is important to note that we cannot add the 吗 particle at the end of a sentence that is already a question! For example:
你是谁？Who are you?
你刚说什么？What do you say?
这是什么？ What's this?
If you add a particle 呢 after a topic, you could turn it into a "what about" question. It's super USEFUL in conversations like "what about us?" or "what about you?"
我看过那部电影了，你呢？ I've seen that movie, what about you?
公司今晚有聚餐，她们都去，我们呢？ There's a company dinner tonight; they're all going, what about us?

6. Plural & Singular
In English, nouns have two forms, singular, and plural. For example, I have one dog, but if you have two or more, you must add "s" to the end of the noun to indicate the plurality. However, the Chinese don't work this way. The noun remains the same no matter whatsoever. For example:
我有一只小狗 I have a dog.
我有三只小狗 I have three dogs.
我有十只小狗 I have ten dogs.

If you want to make something plural or singular in Chinese, simply add a number word to specify exactly how many things you mean. You can use words like "几个 (several)" or "一些 (some)" to indicate that you have some of whatever it is. But like I said, the noun remains the same. You only add those words before the noun:
我有一些问题要问你 I got some questions for you.
This suffix 们 can also be added to some words to indicate plural, but it's limited to certain pronouns and words referring to people. For example:
他→他们 He→They
我→我们 I→We
你→你们 You→You
学生→学生们 Student→Students
老师→老师们 Teacher→Teachers
孩子→孩子们 Child→Children
女士→女士们 Lady→Ladies
先生→先生们 Gentleman→Gentlemen

7. Indicate Possession
In Chinese, the "的" is often used to indicate Possession. This follows the person or pronoun to whom something belongs. So, similar to English, This is Danny's cat. And in Chinese, it's translated into 这是丹尼的猫。